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Meander (art)
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A meander or meandrosThe Greek term maíandros and its Latinized variant meandros are not very common outside of archaeological contexts. () is a decorative border constructed from a continuous line, shaped into a repeated motif. Among some Italians, these patterns are known as "Greek Lines". Such a design may also be called the Greek fret or design, although these terms are modern designations; this decorative motif appears much earlier and among Near and cultures that are far from Greece. Usually the term is used for motifs with straight lines and right angles and the many versions with rounded shapes are called running scrolls or, following the etymological origin of the term, may be identified as water wave motifs.


Meaning of the name
On one hand, the name "meander" recalls the twisting and turning path of the Maeander River in (present day ) that is typical of river pathways. On another hand, as pointed out, "the meander is the figure of a in linear form".Kerenyi, Dionysos: archetypal image of indestructible life (Princeton University Press) 1976:89.

Decorative uses
Meanders are common decorative elements in and . In they appear in many , and in bands on the pottery of ancient Greece from the onward. The design is common to the present-day in classicizing architecture, and is adopted frequently as a decorative motif for borders for many modern printed materials.

Labyrinthine meanders in China
The meander is a fundamental design motif in regions far from a Hellenic orbit: labyrinthine meanders ("thunder" pattern See J. E. L., description of a Late Chou hou at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, in "A Chinese Bronze", Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts 27 (August 1929:48).) appear in bands and as infill on (), and many traditional buildings in and around still bear geometric designs almost identical to meanders. Although space-filling curves have a long history in China in motifs more than 2,000 years earlier, extending back to Zhukaigou Culture () and Xiajiadian Culture ( and ), frequently there is speculation that meanders of Greek origin may have come to China during the time of the () by way of trade with the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. A meander motif also appears in prehistoric Mayan design motifs in the western hemisphere, centuries before any European contacts.


Gallery
Geometric bowl, 730-720 BC, Prague NM-H10 4103, 151503.jpg| bowl decorated with a meander, 730–720 BC, ceramic, Kinský Palace, , Czech Republic

File:Painted terracotta metopes from Thermos (temple of Apollon) - Athens NAM AD 2 - 08.jpg|Ancient Greek with three women that have meanders on their clothes, 640 BC, terracotta, National Archaeological Museum,

File:Palaistra scene Louvre G457.jpg|A typical Attic red-figure cup with meander pattern at borders, by the , , red-figure pottery, Louvre

File:Didim RB20.jpg|Ancient Greek meanders on the base of a column from the ruins of the Temple of Apollo at , , unknown architect or sculptor, 300-150 BC

File:Villa dei misteri, sala del grande dipinto con misteri iniziatici, I secolo a.c. 03.jpg|Roman meander on a fresco in the Villa of the Mysteries, , Italy, unknown painter, 1st century BC

(2025). 9780500297278, Thames & Hudson.

File:Herculaneum — Women's Baths (14732688117).jpg|Roman meander mosaic of a , , Italy, unknown architect, unknown date

Efeso, tempio di adriano 14.JPG|Roman meander on the Temple of Hadrianus, , , unknown architect or sculptor, 117-118 AD

File:0540 - Milano - Museo archeologico - Mosaico romano (sec. I a.C.) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 13-mar-2012.jpg|Roman meander on a mosaic, 1st century BC, Archaeological Museum of Milan, Italy File:Chedworth Roman Villa 05.jpg|Roman meander on a mosaic from the Chedworth Roman Villa, , unknown architect,

File:GallaPlacidia mosaico motivos geometricos arco.jpg|Colorful late Roman-early Byzantine meander in the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, , Italy, unknown architect or craftsman, 425-450

File:Ravenna, sant'apollinare nuovo, int., porto di classe, epoca di teodorico 02.JPG|Byzantine mosaic meander in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, , Italy, unknown architect or craftsman, 500, with later alterations from 560

(2025). 9780714848105, Phaidon.

La Iglesia 5 Mäander.jpg|Mayan meander from , , unknown architect, 750–1050

File:Hagia Sophia Beautiful Gate in 2018 6352.jpg|Byzantine meander on the south-west door, unknown architect or sculptor, 829-842, bronze, , , Turkey

(2025). 9780714848105, Phaidon.

File:Petershausener Sakramentar 5.jpg| meander on a page from the Petershausener Sakramentar, 960-980, tempera colors, gold paint, gold leaf, and ink on parchment, Heidelberg University Library, , Germany

File:Domschatz Halberstadt Isaac Teppichsaal mit Abraham-Engelteppich und Christus-Apostelteppich, um 1150.jpg|Romanesque meander of a tapestry with Saint Michael fighting with the dragon, 1146-1155, linen yarn, wool, linen, Halberstadt Cathedral Treasure, , Germany

(2025). 9783860191392, Burg Giebichenstein Kunsthochschule Halle.

File:Istanbul Fenari Isa Mosque exterior east side 4476.jpg|Byzantine brick meander on the facade of the Church of the Thetokos tou Libos of Constantine Lips, currently the Fenari Isa Mosque, Istanbul, unknown architect, 907, refounded in 1287

(2025). 9780714848105, Phaidon.

Bordeaux Grand Théâtre R03.jpg|Neoclassical meander border of the railing from the stairway of the Grand Theater of Bordeaux, , France, by , 1777-1780

Père-Lachaise - Division 28 - Foy 08.jpg|Neoclassical meander border on the ceiling of the Grave of Foy, Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, by Pierre Jean David, 1831 59 Rue de Provence, Paris (01).jpg|Neoclassical meander in the of the Ensemble immobilier de la cité d'Antin (Rue de Provence no. 59), Paris, unknown architect, Ceiling with mosaic of the Opéra Garnier (01).jpg|Neoclassical meander border on a ceiling of the , Paris, by Charles Garnier, 1860–1875 File:Ceiling centre of the Salon du glacier in the Opéra Garnier.jpg|Neoclassical meander border of a ceiling of the Salon du glacier in the Palais Garnier, by Charles Garnier, 1860–1875 Floor of the Moon Salon in the Opéra Garnier.jpg|Neoclassical meander border of a floor of the Moon Salon in the Palais Garnier, by Charles Garnier, 1860–1875

File:Vase néo-grec, PPO03792(4).jpg|Greek Revival vase with a meander, produced by Baccarat, 1867, and gold, , Paris

Austrian Parliament Building - colored sections 04.jpg|Greek Revival meanders on the Austrian Parliament Building, , by Theophil von Hansen, 1873-1883

(2025). 9781529420302, Laurence King.

3-5 Strada Icoanei, Bucharest (46).jpg|Neoclassical meander on a floor in the Central Girls' School (Strada Icoanei no. 3-5), , Romania, by , 1890 Stove tile from a house demolished in the 1980s in the Uranus area, on display during an exhibition in the Bucharest City Hall (02).jpg|Neoclassical meander on a stove tile from a house in Bucharest, on display during an exhibition in the Bucharest City Hall, unknown designer, File:Viktor Kovačić - Palača burze u Zagrebu - vestibul - detalj zida uz stubište.jpg|Neoclassical meander on a wall of Stock Exchange Building (Trg hrvatskih velikana no. 3) of , , by Viktor Kovačić, 1927

File:Robe, 1984.1.38(2).jpg| dress decorated with meanders, unknown producer, 1925, georgette, and crochet embroidery, Musée Galliera, Paris

Grave of the Vasile I. Prodanof Family in the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest, Romania (03).jpg|Neoclassical and Art Deco meander on a column capital of the Vasile I. Prodanof family tomb, , Bucharest, unknown architect,


See also


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External links

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